Difference Between Zakat and Sadaqah in Islam
Charity in Islam is not merely a giving but rather a method to purify wealth, strengthen the Muslim community (Ummah) and get the blessings of Allah (SWT).
Sadaqah (voluntary) and Zakat (almsgiving, obligatory). Though both are noble, they diverge in rules, intent and effect.
In this guide we look at the differences between Zakat and Sadaqah, their benefits, and how Muslims are able to give this worship.
What is Zakat? – Obligatory Charity in Islam
As one of the Five Pillars of Islam, Zakat is an obligatory act for eligible Muslims.
From the Arabic meaning “that which purifies,” Zakat purifies wealth and helps those in need.
Definition and Meaning of Zakat
- Zakat is a static 2.5% wealth tax on savings above the Nisab threshold.
- It cleanses wealth and strengthens social justice.
Zakat as a Pillar of Islam
- Zakat is one of the five core Islamic duties alongside Shahada, Salah, Sawm, and Hajj.
- Importance of Zakat in Quran The Quran places great importance on Zakat Surah Al-Baqarah (2:43):
“Establish prayer and give Zakat, and bow with those who bow.”
Who Must Pay Zakat?
Muslims who:
- Own wealth above the Nisab (87.48g gold or 612.36g silver).
- Have held this wealth for one lunar year (Hawl).
What Assets Are Zakatable?
- Cash, gold, silver, investments, business stock, livestock, and agricultural produce.
- Exemptions: Personal home, primary car, and daily essentials.
Zakat Recipients as Per the Quran
Surah At-Tawbah (9:60) lists 8 categories:
- The poor (Fuqara)
- The needy (Masakin)
- Zakat administrators
- New Muslims
- Those in debt
- Stranded travelers
- In Allah’s cause (Fi Sabilillah)
- Freeing slaves
What is Sadaqah? – Voluntary Charity in Islam
Sadaqah (from Sidq, meaning “truth“) is the realm of voluntary charity given by the self out of kindness, generosity, and sincerity. It has no prescribed requirements, unlike Zakat.
Definition and Spirit of Sadaqah
- Sadaqah includes monetary donations, acts of kindness, and good deeds.
- The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said:
“Even a smile is Sadaqah.” (Sahih Bukhari)
Types of Sadaqah
- Monetary Sadaqah: Donating to orphans, widows, or disaster relief.
- Non-Monetary Sadaqah:
- Smiling
- Helping the elderly
- Planting a tree (Sadaqah Jariyah)
- Sharing Islamic knowledge
Sadaqah vs. Sadaqah Jariyah (Ongoing Charity)
- Sadaqah Jariyah provides continuous rewards even after death.
- Examples:
- Building a well
- Funding a school
- Sponsoring an orphan
Zakat vs. Sadaqah – Key Differences
| Aspect | Zakat | Sadaqah |
|---|---|---|
| Obligation | Mandatory (Pillar of Islam) | Voluntary |
| Amount | Fixed 2.5% of savings | Any amount |
| Recipients | 8 Quranic categories | Anyone in need |
| Timing | Annual payment | Anytime |
| Asset Rules | Only on Zakatable wealth | No restrictions |
Shared Benefits of Zakat and Sadaqah
Spiritual Rewards
- Purifies wealth (Quran 9:103)
- Multiplies blessings (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:261)
Strengthens the Muslim Community
- Reduces poverty and inequality.
- Builds unity and compassion.
Emotional Well-being
- Increases gratitude and happiness.
- Reduces greed and materialism.
FAQs – Understanding Zakat and Sadaqah
Can Zakat Be Given as Sadaqah Jariyah?
No, Zakat is required to be dispensed to eligible recipients. Sadaqah Jariyah is voluntary.
Can Zakat Be Given to Family Members?
Only if poor and not dependents (parents, spouse, etc.)
What If I Can’t Afford Zakat?
You’re exempt if below Nisab. Instead, give Sadaqah if possible.
Is Zakat Due on Property?
Only investment properties — not your home.
Can Sadaqah Be Given to Non-Muslims?
Yes, you can give Sadaqah to anyone who is in need.
How is Zakat Calculated?
2.5% of savings + assets after deducting debts.
What’s Better: Zakat or Sadaqah?
Zakat is obligatory, but Sadaqah earns extra rewards.
Can I Delay Zakat Payment?
No, it should be paid once due every year.
Does Sadaqah Expire?
No, even small acts (like a smile) count forever.
Can I Give Zakat During Ramadan?
Yes, rewards are greater, but it can be paid anytime.
Final Thoughts – Why Both Matter
- Zakat fulfills a religious duty.
- Sadaqah reflects personal generosity.
- Both bring closeness to Allah (SWT) and community strength.
Call to Action:
- Calculate your Zakat today!
- Start small with Sadaqah—every act counts.
